Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Improve Customer Service In Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay The chief intent of this study is to research the jobs in client service of hotel and advance substantial recommendations to work out the jobs. The study comprises the particular definition of service, analyses of jobs and methods of work outing the jobs. In order to better those failings of client service, this study besides identifies some elaborate schemes. 2.0 Introduction Along with rapid economic development, competition in cordial reception industry is going more intense, and the client service is going an of import agencies of bettering efficiency, edifice trade name and spread outing gross revenues. The degree of client service will mostly find the result of competition. Guests check a hotel, purchasing non merely the installations, and invitees have a dinner at the hotel, purchase is non limited to repasts, more significantly, they want to have high-quality and thoughtful service. Therefore, the hotel s mission is to supply quality services for invitees and to run into the demands of invitees. It is common pursue of hotel director that how to better client service quality and do the hotel in a dominant place in the ferocious market. 3.0 Customer service definition Servicess can be defined as the amount of behavior effectivity that hotel staff devoted their emotions to organize with the footing of certain equipment and installations and with the mark of clients demands ( Gavin B. and Gillian M. , 2002 ) . We can construct a figure to explicate the word service . Figure 1 As the figure 1 said that client service contain eight agencies: smiling, excellence, ready, sing, ask foring, making, oculus and giving ( Joost P. M. Wouters, 2004 ) . In fact, these are some of the dictionary account about service . It enables service s definition more specific, more operational. It is a circle environing the centre of hotel, and this circle organize the definition of service. 4.0 Improving service quality is the survival footing for hotel Modern client demands are diversified and personalized, and their demands are besides acquiring higher and higher. It requires the hotel get downing from the client demands and continuously improves service quality ( Omar M. and Simon J. 2006 ) . Basically talking, quality of service is the footing for endurance and development of hotel. Competition among hotels, in kernel, is the service quality competition. The grounds are as below: 1. Customers are sensitive to quality of service ; 2. Customer satisfaction are positively related to service quality. 5.0 Customer service quality s jobs analysis 5.1 Level of service quality is low Many hotel staff deficiency of enterprise. Smile service can non be carried out and deficiency of basic manners etiquette ( Allan Yen-Lun Su, 2004 ) , and the staff can non run advanced equipments. Although the state of affairs has been improved in recent old ages, it still does non run into client satisfaction really good. 5.2 Lack of inter-departmental services co-ordination Hotel client service merchandises have the belongings of integration and which is provided by different sections and staff. Hotel service quality is good or bad that depends on the grade of cooperation and coordination between different sections and staff. Many directors are more concerned with the public presentation of their sections, instead than the co-operation with other sections, the matching barrier will finally hotfoot the invitees to turn to equal. 5.3 Service Quality Management is inefficient Hotel service quality merchandises are non merely the physical merchandises, but besides the intangible service. Intangible service s chief is human-that is hotel staff iMarianna Sigala, 2005 ) . Regulating and commanding the behavior of staff is the cardinal manner to better the quality of services. 6.0 The implement measures to better the quality of hotel client service 6.1 Build support system of client service degree of cordial reception industry Figure 2 ( FL=foreign linguistic communication accomplishment OM=operation manage accomplishment IK=information cognition EK=etiquette cognition ) From the study consequences, it is a must that beef up the operation manage accomplishment of high-star hotel staff, foreign linguistic communication communicating accomplishments, every bit good as the turning populary information systems direction cognition and so on. Hotel should construct the enfranchisement system of hotel industry staff preparation that implement a voluntary system of taking scrutiny to station. Through scientific preparation, assist new employees master certain sum of hotel industry concern cognition. 6.2 Hotel directors should beef up consciousness service quality The quality of client service the centeral work in hotel day-to-day direction, therefore all staff should hold a sense of quality and directors must set up the construct of service quality. Lone directors taken root profoundly in the construct of client service quality can he see quality as the lifeblood of endeavors, and do staff acknowledge the importance of client service quality ( Ling-Feng Hsieh and Li-Hung Lin, 2008 ) . 6.3 Establish perfact service quality direction system Establish the organisation of client service quality direction. Hotel should put up specialised organisation of client service quality direction as ensuranment of service quality system. Specifically, it is that set up comprehensive, scientific and rational, and controlled service control system, and convey the hotel quality activities into a incorporate quality direction system through a certain regulations, methods and processs. Make out quality criterions and quality aims. Hotel should do specific criterions to day-to-day direction of each service point and service sectors, and do work norms and processs to do employee hold the regulation to follow with. Hotel can accurately enter service procedure of different places and sectors, and so analysis carefully, farther better service harmonizing to quality manage demand, eventually apologize it, and defined it with the signifier of text and artworks and so organize a service plan. 6.4 Implementing a system of first-staff being in charge Equally far as clients concerned, they visit hotel and pass money merely for purchasing service, and they do non hold involvement in understand that with which thing they can turn to which individual for aid. They have the right to believe that any employee represents hotels and should work out job for them. So this system means, any hotel staff working in the station, who is the first to be consulted by clients, will be the chief individual in charge of work outing jobs and petition of invitees ( C. F. Cheung and W. B. Lee, 2003 ) . 7.0 Decision In decision, many hotels need to better client service degree. Therefore, control and reappraisal is required when implementing disposal and selling activities. The hotel has to set up concern ends for commanding and reexamining.

An Unpaid Option An Illustrative Essay Template (MLA Sample Paper)

An Unpaid Option An Illustrative Essay Template (MLA Sample Paper) What Is MLA Format? MLA Format is a standard format for academic writing and citing sources within the humanities and liberal arts. MLA refers to a set of rules and formatting guidelines that are used by researchers. These standards are described in the MLA Handbook for writers of research papers (8-th edition) which is a 300-page manual describing every aspect of MLA paper writing. Below you will find a great MLA essay example. Read and use it while writing your own paper. Feel free to download MLA Essay Example Name LastName Professor’s Name Course Number Day Month Year Truth Behind the War                   Media plays a great role in influencing today’s youth and changing the opinions of many. Media’s coverage is so  much influential that it can have an effect on anyone’s opinion and views.  Media at times could be good,  while at times it  could be really bad. For example, in focusing on the  issues of discrimination, it plays a very important role in letting people  know the adverse effects of  discrimination,  while on the other hand media, itself is  being responsible for the growing issues  of  discrimination.                  Ã‚  Media plays a great role during the Wartime, not just by broadcasting the war events but also by letting the people  know the reality  and the truth behind the war. They are the ones who change people’s perspective and opinion. The  techniques in addition to goals  of the media have changed radically. The media now is what bring the news of all the terror  war into everyone’s home.When the World war broke out in August 1914, the United States at once fixed its relation to the belligerents thru  proclamation  of neutrality. The days of the war, before their entry on the side of the allied powers in April 1917, were  marked with difficulties,   both in preventing violations of out neutrality and in securing proper respect for our neutral rights.  The rights and duties of neutrals were  involved.                  Ã‚  At the outbreak of the war, Great Britain notified the United States that she would be held responsible for injuries  resulting to British interests from vessels converted to warships or armed in  American ports, even though the completion of  the act of conversion took place on the high seas.  British merchant vessels, it was asserted, were armed for self-defense  only.  The position of the United States was that a merchant vessel belonging to a belligerent should not arm itself so as to  avoid capture by lawful and legitimate  processes.                  Ã‚  On April 8, 1917, the Austrian government, as Germanys ally, broke off diplomatic relations with the United States,  and in due course, the war was declared against Austria. Until all effective states agree upon the abandonment of neutrality,  those remaining  outside the agreement will insist on their right to judge for themselves as to the neutral or belligerent  character of their policy, in the case of a conflict between two or more other states. This lies in the field of policy. And as  long as the policy of neutrality may be elected, it follows that the status of neutrality will exist, together with its rights and  duties. The belligerent states will be sufficiently active in demanding that a country is impartially a country is impartially neutral. The neutral state  must itself insist upon an observance of its formally declared by the joint resolution of Congress (Cipriano, 1995).                  Ã‚  All this during the First World War was well focused on, and a clear perspective was shown through Media. There  was not any biasness and the news was broadcasted to merely let the people know what is going on in their surrounding,  and not to exaggerate a particular news. Media of that time would only broadcast what was actually happening and so it  would leave the decision to viewers hands as to what conclusion they make out from the broadcast and it had let them had  their own perspective to everything they watched rather than to force Media’s own perspective on its viewer. Change of the War Picture                  Ã‚  Previously media would emphasize a focus on the positives of wars. They paid attention to what people required  and needed to hear. There was no struggle, and money wasn’t as key an issue in becoming a journalist. The commercialism  of news was far less of an issue in the reporting of news. The news wasn’t so much unconstructive as it was upbeat and  vigorous. It was the media’s job to keep their listeners hopeful and panic free. It wasn’t concerning who could get a hold of  the most listeners by offering  the most sensational newscasts. It was about letting everyone know the truth and reality  (Jowett, ODonnell, 1992).                   But now in the present time, media offers overly negative pictures of war and its objectives and accomplishments.  A new legacy would be built: the rising of deviousness, one that imitated and showed the broader dissatisfactions with the  government. Journalism was now regarding the money and the achievement that would be wrapped around it. The  competition rose as the requirement for unconstructiveness in the life unraveled. Good, decent, honest and optimistic news  would no longer be found.   Media vs. Military Business                   We shall have a look at how the media interferes in the military business, so to have a clear vision of how  things actually are. Every time a society has permitted its military establishment to insulate itself against effective public scrutiny that  military establishment has ended up destroying the people it was supposed to protect. The independence guaranteed to the  press under the the First Amendment to that Constitution is one of the most important of the safeguards. Yet every bureaucrat  knows that power flows from each increment of information he or she can garner and hold tight. To the extent that our  society permits such bureaucratic self-interest to restrict access by the public to the business of government – in particular,  its military business – the First Amendment   becomes meaningless.                   Very few citizens have the time and means to search out government information vital to their well-being. As a  result, access means mainly access by the press, like it or not.  In a speech to the National Newspaper Association  following the end of the war,   General Colin L. Powell, chairman of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, acknowledged that if the  Iraqi army had moved, in August 1990,   as it was entirely capable of doing, to occupy the principal Saudi Arabian airfields  and ports, the United States would have been in enormous difficulty. What General Powell did not tell his audience, but what  Major General Edward B. Atkeson, formerly of the Central Intelligence Agency, had made plain more than three years earlier  in an article in Armed Forces Journal International was that for a period of several weeks, until major U.S. land and air forces  could be inserted, a determined, large-scale Iraqi invasion could be stopped only by n uclear weapons.                   But American journalism has neither the technical competence to recognize the long-term implications of an article  such as General Atkesons nor the structural means to relate it to a crisis that occurs years, or even months, later. So the  public – American or otherwise – was never informed that in declaring his intention to defeat Iraqi aggression the president of  the United States was, in fact, committing the United States to nuclear war during the period when the first token U.S. land  forces flown to the region were in danger of being overrun. Passion for Seeking Out the Truth                   As with every major military story since the end of World War, the press failed. It did not fail because of government censorship. Rather, it failed because of the inadequacies of its own training and organization, deficiencies that prevented it from reporting matters of crucial importance, even when all of the essential facts were in the public domain.                   The media, much similar to the American people, began losing optimism in the government, so broadcasters  subsequently would create such newscasts that would also fill the American people with a strong sense of doubt. A major  loss to the reliability of the public was the leaking of information to the public from the Pentagon Papers. These documents  were discovered by journalists to contain far higher rates of American fatalities and far less victorious battles than the  publicly released government statistics had specified. No longer would the press recognize the government press releases;  now they began more analytical journalism to check the truth of the official reports.                   We need to realize that media is there to raise the voice for truth, not to support the exaggeration of the simple,   uncomplicated anecdote. What the media at this stage need to do is  to make an attempt and realize that to ‘cover a war and  for a nation determined to comprehend it, there  is merely one course. They must share a passion for seeking out the truth’  (DeParle, 1991). MediAffect                   Where do the media fit in this procedure? An average American high school graduate spends more time in front of  the TV than in the classroom. The mass media is an influential socializing agent. Media is not restricted to the contented of  media messages. Media have an effect on how we learn regarding our world and interrelate with one another. Media actually  reconcile our relationship with social institutions. We base a large amount of our knowledge on government news accounts,  not knowledge. We are reliant on the media for what we distinguish and how we narrate to the world of politics due to the  media-politics connection. We read or   watch political discussions followed by immediate analysis as well as commentary by  experts. Politicians rely on media to converse their message. Related dynamics are present in other mediated events such  as televised sports and televangelism. Media is part of our usual relations with family and frie nds. They describe our  communication with other people on a daily foundation as a diversion, sources of disagreement, or a uniting force. Media  have an impact on society not merely through the contented of the message but also through the procedure.    DeParle, Jason. Covering the War†. New York Times, 5 May 1991. Venzon, Anne Cipriano. The United States in the First World War. Garland Publishing, 1995. Jowett, G. S., and ODonnell, Victoria. Propaganda and Persuasion. 2nd ed., Sage Press, 1992. Edward B. Atkeson. â€Å"The Persian Gulf. Still a Vital U.S. Interest?† Armed Forces Journal International, April 1987): 46-56 Get your free MLA Essay template only today!

U.S. Fiscal Budgeting and Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

U.S. Fiscal Budgeting and Government - Essay Example The proposal has recently sparked debates on both the Republican and the Democrat controlled Congress, an ordinary occurrence prevalent in American history especially during those times when the president puts forward his budgetary plan. Both the Republican and the Democratic parties would often disagree on what causes imbalance on the Federal budget, and oftentimes, heated debates soon ensue with regards the subject. The issue of budget in the US is an interesting topic to listen to except that ordinary Americans are not privy to the language and the esoteric terms employed in this discussion. It is also imperative that the public and the US legislators be able to pinpoint the sources of imbalance in the federal government expenditures. The president, as a rule, submits his proposal in the month of February after which it is submitted to the Congress on the first Monday of the said month. As this is only a proposal, the budget constitutes and specifies the government’s intended spending for the following fiscal year. This proposal is backed by voluminous documents aimed at convincing the Congress of the importance and value of the budget provisions. The cabinet and the agencies under the Federal government likewise submit their proposals which will consequently be included in the final version of the proposed budget (Taylor 1950). This proposal contains some line items specified as discretionary and some as mandatory expenditures. Discretionary spending obliges a yearly appropriation bill, a piece of legislation which should be enacted and determined by the Appropriations Committee of both Houses of Congress – the Senate and the House of Representatives. This spending is under the discretion of the Congress and usually lasts for one year. On the other hand, mandatory spending is a spending which also requires legislation but is not dependent on a yearly appropriation bill. Examples of these are Social Security

Chicano studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Chicano studies - Essay Example These movies need close introspection and a thorough cognition would definitely enable us to deep delve into some of the important socio-economic and cultural discourse of the time with a good taste of aesthetic operating throughout the film. Comparison of two films occurs from some mutual paradigm. Portrait of Teresa by Pastor Vega and Salt of the Earth by Herbert J. Biberman both the films are contemporary and are based on contemporary socio-economic issue of a similar geographical terrain. Both the films encapsulate a strong feminist discourse and centres round the deconstruction of archetypal stereotype traditional and conventional role of woman in society. Portrait of Teresa directed by Pastor Vega was released in the year 1979 and apparently seems a trajectory of women with much dramatic presentation. But the language of camera pushes its limit beyond the initial portrayal of Teresa overwhelmed with her family which comprise of her husband Ramon and three children and her job as a crew leader in the textile factory to a realm where she moves beyond the ordinary role of a household woman trying to seek the attention of her husband and becoming expert in mere domestic duties to a revolutionary and a dominant motivating factor in labour movement (The Internet Movie Database, â€Å"Retrato de Teresa (1979)†). Teresa moves beyond the parameters of odd jobs and dirty dishes and her husband failing to accept her in the new role get separated and start an affair. When her husband wishes to reconcile, Teresa asks him what if during the time of separation she also had an affair. Block-headed Ramon fails to pass Teresa’s test with his chauvinist reply â€Å"But men are different† and with if he loses Teresa forever who with her head held high in self-esteem courageously wishes to move beyond the limits of an ordinary woman performing only her household duties (Rich, â€Å"Portrait of Teresa Double Day, Double Standards†). On the other hand, the film Salt of the

Edinburgh Napier library services Essay Example for Free

Edinburgh Napier library services Essay Edinburgh Napier University was established as a technical college in 1964 taking its name from famous inventor of logarithms, John Napier. Since 1971, the college has started to offer degree level educations. In 1992, the college was converted to university, and changed its name to Napier University. However, in 2009, the university changed its name to Edinburgh Napier University. To enhance high academic integrity, the university aims to implement scalable high level Library Information Systems in order to offer high quality learning. (Edinburgh Napier University, 2009, Microsoft Corporation, 2006). The objective of this proposal is to evaluate an initiative of the Edinburgh Napier library services. To enhance greater understanding of proposal, it is essential to provide brief description of the research area. 1. 1: Background of Research The university opened Electronic Library Information systems in 2000, and since this period, the library has acquired huge amount of academic resources in electronic formats. However, with increase in the academic complexity, learners are increasingly facing challenges in accessing academic resources from the university library. (Edinburgh Napier University, 2008). By visiting the current online library resources, it is revealed that the university is facing challenges to provide high quality and innovative e- library services. Although, the university e-library has offered various services such as e-resources, teaching resources, study and research, user’s information, and information on the library resources, however, it is revealed that there are various lapses in the existing library services that have led to gaps in the knowledge. The university teaching resources from WebCT has not provided social teaching networking where students and tutors will be able to interact when lecture is taking place. Thus, the university has not been able to provide virtual face-to-face teaching strategy that resembles traditional teaching method. As being argued by Rolfe et al (2008), the WebCT which is one of the university library resources of Napier Edinburgh University has not been able to provide social interactions for students. The lack of dialogue do not provide rich virtual academic standard for students. Moreover, the university has not be able to offer 24 hour service for students in the physical university libraries such as Canaan Lane, Comely Bank, Craighouse, Craiglockhart, Livingston, Melrose, and Merchiston. The books in these libraries have not been available online. To address this problem, the university needs to implement scalable e-Resources Strategy in order to achieve high quality e-learning. It is essential to realise that the library should be able to provide varieties of online portals that should provide social networking for students and instructors. The recommendation provided is that the existing software and hardware that were used for the university library resources need to be upgraded to high quality and scalable new software and hardware. The comparison between national and international students on the effectiveness of university library resources has revealed that overall international students are happy with the university library resources. Compared to home students where only 54% of home students are happy with the university library resources. (Bawden, Robinson, Anderson et al 2007). Thus, the proposal attempts to address these gaps and make recommendations to the library. To achieve these objectives, the study provides the outline of the project in the box below. 2. Project outline for the project 1. The idea for this research arose from: The research arose from the shortcoming identified in the library services of Edinburgh Napier University. The research attempts to provide recommendations to the library in order to fill the gap. 2. The aims of the project are as follows: To provide understanding among students the different means of accessing material through the various services. To provide recommendations of high quality and scalable e-library resources in order to ensure easy and quick accessible of learning materials. 3. The main research questions that this work will address include: To what extent the existing library resources have been able to satisfy the need of students and staff? What are the high quality and scalable methods to improve university library resources? 4. The software development/design work/other deliverable of the project will be: The software design will involve Software Development Life Cycle which is typically referred as waterfall model. The prototype of the software design reveals that output from a specific stage will provide the inputs for the next stage of software design. 5. The project will involve the following research/field work/experimentation/evaluation: There will be primary and secondary research to carry out this project. Moreover, there will be experimentation of software and hardware that will be employed for the proposal. 6. This work will require the use of specialist software: MOSS 2007, Microsoft cluster, Web 2. 0 7. This work will require the use of specialist hardware: VM Ware Tools, Linux Server, podcasts, Virtual hardware 8. The project is being undertaken in collaboration with: The project is done in collaboration with a researcher and school of computing. (Bawden, Robinson, Anderson et al 2007) 3. Conclusion The proposal attempts to evaluate an initiative of Edinburgh Napier library services. The study has revealed that there are shortcomings in the existing university library resources. The gaps identified are that the university has not been able to offer 24 hours services for some of the library resources. Moreover, the WebCT has not been able to offer virtual classroom experience for students where learners would enjoy virtual classroom experience just like traditional learning. Thus, the proposal has recommends that the existing software and hardware need to be upgraded to ensure that the university offers high quality and scalable library services for students. References Bawden, D. Robinson, L. Anderson, T. et al (2007). Towards Curriculum 2. 0: library / information education for a Web 2. 0 world. Library and Information Research. 31(99):14-25). Edinburgh Napier University, (2009). History of Edinburgh Napier University. Scotland. Edinburg University Press. Edinburgh Napier University, (2008). Napier University Learning Information Services E-service strategy: Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Microsoft Corporation, (2006). Napier University, University Streamlines Access to Student Services with Improved E-Learning Portal. Microsoft Corporations. Rolfe, V. Alcocer, M. Bentley, E. (2008). Academic Staff Attitudes Towards Electronic Learning in Arts and Sciences. University of Nottingham. UK.

Mans Opinion about Women Essay -- Biography, Ibsen and Wilde

There are many influences that affect a man’s opinion about women. Influences such as personal experiences, rumors, and the women in a man’s life help form his opinion of a woman. Henrik Ibsen and Oscar Wilde are two playwrights who reflected their beliefs about women in their plays. Ibsen and Wilde both believe that society shunned women, unfairly forcing them into a submissive role, under the control of men. On March 20, 1828, Henrik Johan Ibsen was born in Skien, Norway (Merriman Ibsen 1) and had four biological siblings (Meyer 13) His parents went from wealthy to poor at his age of six (Meyer 13). Ibsen was rumored to be a illegitimate child, possibly conceived before his mother married (Meyer 15). â€Å"Bankruptcy and illegitimacy recur specter like throughout his work† (Meyer 16) Ibsen went to college at Christiania (Oslo) and was the editor of the school newspaper (Merriman Ibsen 1). While in his twenties he directed many successful drama plays in Norway (Merriman Ibsen 1). After moving to Germany in 1858, Ibsen Married Suzannah Thoreson and together had one son (Merriman Ibsen 1). Many of Ibsen’s plays have thoughts or actions of suicide. â€Å"It has been said that Ibsen himself suffered from depression and at times contemplated suicide. Social breakdown, stereotypes, class struggle and issues of morality dominate his characters (Merriman Ibsen 1). On October 16, 1854, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was born in Dublin, Ireland (Merriman Wilde 1). Wilde had two biological siblings and his mother was a poet who influenced him (Merriman Wilde 1). His father was a facial surgeon, philanthropist, and a knight (Merriman Wilde 1). Wilde was home schooled for about ten years before leaving for Trinity College in Dublin for thre... ... make people think. In A Doll’s House and The Master Builder, Ibsen shows two magnificent examples of a husband who fails to love his wife well. The weak love they display leads to a downfall in both situations. Henrik Ibsen and Oscar Wilde both presented ideas to the Victorian society that challenged the ways of society at that time. These ideas were presented by the characters’ actions and decisions that were uncharacteristic of women at the time. This brought about much controversy. If the plays had been written in today’s world the ideas would not have been so controversial because what they challenge is now occurs more frequently. Women now have dominating roles in today’s society and can make their own decisions without a male overriding them. In this way, Ibsen and Wilde influenced society because society changed in the ways that they thought it should.

Islamic cultures Essay

1.   Islamic cultures in the European Middle Ages were comparably more advanced and better than the Christianity.   Islamic cities in the Middle Ages were thriving and became the centers of trade and economy. Islamic merchants bought and sold goods from across Africa, Asia and Europe.   New technologies such as windmill, block printing as well as new methods of weaving, which were developed in China were brought to Europe by Islamic merchants. Moreover, Islamic cultures during this period were considered mixed and multi-ethnic as it borrowed from the cultures of the people that Muslims conquered or interacted during trading.   Greek works by early scientists and mathematicians were interpreted into Arabic and used by Islamic Arabs.   Islamic cities also became centers for art and learning. Since Islamic society during the Middle Ages valued scholarship Islamic cities became major sites of major libraries and scholarships. 2.   Europe provided a route and area for Islamic culture to flourish. In terms of trade, Europe provided the Islamic empires with raw materials while Asia became the center of trade and commerce.   Europe also became an avenue of the both Islam and Christianity.   Initially, Islam swept mostly all throughout Asia and Europe on the other hand was mainly dominated by Christianity.   But eventually, Islam conquered Europe as well which led to the conversion of many parts of Europe into Islam particularly Spain.   Islamic Europe were also comparable far more superior to those among European Christians, and Islamic cultures were responsible for bringing Asian innovations into Europe.

Public Sector Economics Essay

In describing the economic advantages and disadvantages of the proposed tax policy change the advantage is that revenues increase substantially from $9,134 billion to $184,807 billion. From a macroeconomic viewpoint, the more money in circulation, the more money the firms will receive. With a greater amount of funds in circulation the more that workers will have in their net income. This concept stimulates the economy as a hole in a revenue approach and cash in circulation. On the contrary, the disadvantage is that the proposed tax rate was increased by 0. 03 percent, the Finance sector was taxed and no one was zero rated besides Agriculture. In viewing the current law of products; the advantage is that the tax rate is slightly lower at 0. 07 percent and all products were exempted from taxes, and zero rated thus receiving money back in terms of a credit. Despite the low revenue there the current tax policy tends to be more efficient. Considering that there are no taxes and credits are being received in terms or revenues. Focusing on the Proposed Law, this would be bias and favorable to the federal government. The federal tax system relies on a number of different types of taxes to generate revenues. Therefore raising the tax rate 0. 03 percent to 0. 10 the federal government is able to have more in revenues. In discussing the Current Tax Law, this would be more favorable to the consumers because of the lower tax rate. As consumers we want to pay less in taxes; lower taxes in turn pushes out the overall demand curve as we demand more goods and services with higher disposable incomes. Supply side tax cuts are aimed to stimulate capital. If successful, the cuts will shift both aggregate supply and demand because the price level for a supply of goods will be reduced, then it leads to an increase in demand for those goods. To label this table horizontal or vertical equity, we would say that the table would be more supportive to vertical equity dependent on proposed or current law. By definition vertical equity, â€Å"is a method of collecting income tax in which the taxes paid increase with the amount of earned income. The driving principle behind vertical equity is the notion that those who are more able to pay taxes should contribute more than those who are not. † In reviewing the table we would agree that the Proposed Law would match well with the vertical approach and horizontal equity would be the explanation of the Current Law system, because there are more zero rated products that offer credits.

Modern Day Plague Essays - COBOL, Calendars, Hazards, Free Essays

Modern Day Plague Essays - COBOL, Calendars, Hazards, Free Essays Modern Day Plague Modern Day Plague Argument: Mankind has become too dependent on computers, and we as a society are covering up our errors and not facing the facts, to avoid panic. About four years ago, a new pop headline came hot of the press rumoring something about home computers having problems when the year 2000 hit. The year 2000, that's six years away, people thought. Many believed in six years it would be fixed. Thus, the headline got thrown into the archives along with egg yolks being high in cholesterol and the FBI and the CIA being against each other. Well, today the computer problem has resurrected itself. The downside is that, the second round of hype, as some have called it, is being looked upon less seriously than before. What is the problem anyway, what's the big deal? Many have asked this question without a definite answer, weakening any bit of concern. Here it is put simply. All computers contain small processors that contain a current date. This processor comes in millions of different types and has been for close to 30 years. These processors are responsible for simple and complex operations and in some cases, for recording data. All of these functions require dates to perform. Well, the problem hits when one looks at how all processors have been made. All they contain are six numbers, 2 for the day, 2 for the month and 2 for the year. What about when 99 wants to flip to 00? The computer thinks 00 is before 99. Therefore, many go haywire and perhaps crash. The only way to fix it, is by replacing or up dating ALL processors to record four digits for the year. When this problem first resurfaced about eight months back, the few that were paying attention realized the danger. Many suggested the idea of the world collapsing. This drew enough rally to form a congressional committee in May of (19)98, less than two years to the millennium. Y2K, as it is now known, was targeted more toward government and business application rather than home PC's. Why is that? Mainly because there is much more on the line. All businesses, utilities and transportation companies could be seriously affected. This also includes all forms of data storage as well, like the Census Bureau, IRS and Social Security. The unfortunate part about specifying to these main groups, is that the public is left out. Up until now, there have been only a handful of T.V. news reports about Y2K. This is a definite problem for several reasons. Today's culture is tuned to nightly news for all the issues. For many, it's all that they know. The only in depth documents on Y2K can be found in section E5 of news papers or on the internet. Two sources that might require a little time to research. Another problem is that most of the population thinks of computers (processors) as sitting on top of desks accompanied with a monitor, keyboard and mouse. Well, if that were the case, it wouldn't be all that hard to fix. The real problem exists when all processors must be updated or replaced manually. According to the Committee of Government Management, Information and Technology, as of August 1998, less than 10% of companies questioned, had begun looking at these embedded processors for testing. Many of these processors are hard or impossible to reach. These account for some 600+ satellites orbiting above, which o perate all ATM's, cell phones, pagers and airline guidance systems. Many believe that the public isn't being revealed the facts intentionally. They feel that the government is keeping it quite to prevent widespread panic. If fear spread that business could collapse worldwide due to Y2K, there might be a preemptive collapse due to a crash of stock markets and banks. It's a lose: lose situation. Even if 20% of investors pulled their money out of the U.S. stock markets, there would still be a complete collapse. This report has been made several times by different market analysists. Another worst-cased scenario would be if everyone wanted to pull cash out of banks. Currently there is only 4% of the actual secured amount is out in currency. This leaves every American with only

Rutherfordium Facts - Rf or Element 104 Facts

Rutherfordium Facts - Rf or Element 104 Facts The element rutherfordium is a synthetic radioactive element that is predicted to exhibit properties similar to those of hafnium and zirconium. No one really knows, since only minute quantities of this element have been produced to date. The element is likely a solid metal at room temperature. Here are additional Rf element facts: Element Name:Â  Rutherfordium Atomic Number: 104 Symbol: Rf Atomic Weight: [261] Discovery: A. Ghiorso, et al, L Berkeley Lab, USA 1969 - Dubna Lab, Russia 1964 Electron Configuration: [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 Element Classification: Transition Metal Word Origin:Â  Element 104 was named in honor of Ernest Rutherford, although discovery of the element was contested, so the official name was not approved by the IUPAC until 1997. The Russian research team had proposed the name kurchatovium for element 104. Appearance: Rutherfordium is predicted to be a radioactive synthetic metal, solid at room temperature and pressure. Crystal Structure: Rf is predicted to have a hexagonal close-packed crystal structure similar to that of its congener, hafnium. Isotopes: All of the isotopes of rutherfordium are radioactive and synthetic. The most stable isotope, Rf-267, has a half-life around 1.3 hours. Sources of Element 104: Element 104 has not been found in nature. It is only produced by nuclear bombardment or decay of heavier isotopes. In 1964, researchers at the Russians facility at Dubna bombarded a plutonium-242 target with neon-22 ions to produce the isotope most likely rutherfordium-259. In 1969, scientists at the University of California at Berkeley bombarded a californium-249 target with carbon-12 ions to produce alpha decay of rutherfordium-257. Toxicity: Rutherfordium is expected to be harmful to living organisms due to its radioactivity. It is not an essential nutrient for any known life. Uses: At present, element 104 has no practical uses and is only application to research. Rutherfordium Fast Facts Element Name: RutherfordiumElement Symbol: RfAtomic Number: 104Appearance: Solid metal (predicted)Group: Group 4 (Transition Metal)Period: Period 7Discovery:Â  Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1964, 1969) Sources Fricke, Burkhard. Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties. Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry, Structure and Bonding, Volume 21, Springer Link, December 3, 2007. Ghiorso, A.; Nurmia, M.; Harris, J.; Eskola, K.; Eskola, P. (1969). Positive Identification of Two Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes of Element 104. Physical Review Letters. 22 (24): 1317–1320. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.22.1317 Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). Transactinides and the future elements. In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer ScienceBusiness Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.

Corporate welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Corporate welfare - Essay Example In addition, at the time lenders and creditors were unavailable. Numerous corporations were facing closure due to huge financial debts. With an objective to sustain the economy, the government had to develop strategies that would keep these organizations open; thus the creation of corporation welfare (Cay 24). Since is initiation the policy has been effective. Numerous corporations have been bailed out of financial crisis. In addition, the modern day corporate welfare policies are created to enhance the sustainability of major companies (Roger 44). For instance, agricultural subsidies in the United States are used to sustain large corporations in the industry (Roger 44). These corporations are able to sustain their financial burden. The current corporation welfare strategies have been criticized. Majority of the people embrace the modification that the money could be more useful tothe poor not large corporations (Fisher& Peters 89). For instance, it could be more effective if agricultural subsidies are used to support farmers rather that the major institutions in the